ECONOMIC AXIOMS
1. Man seeks to gratify his desires with the least amount of exertion.
2. Man’s desires are unlimited.
3. Man hoards consciously and systematically.
ECONOMIC DEFINITIONS
POLITICAL ECONOMY: The science which treats the nature of wealth and the natural laws governing its production and distribution.
WEALTH: Any material thing with exchange value, the result of labor applied on or to land.
MONEY: That kind of wealth which has a constant or nearly constant marginal utility.
CURRENCY: A medium of exchange in the form of money or other wealth, or in the form of redeemable or irredeemable notes.
INCOME: Rent, Wages and/or Interest received in the form of money or other currency.
PRODUCTION: The process of increasing the capacity of wealth to satisfy human desires.
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
LAND: All the natural universe except man and wealth.
LABOR: All human exertion in the production of wealth.
CAPITAL: Wealth used in production.
DISTRIBUTION: The assignment of ownership in the wealth produced.
AVENUES OF DISTRIBUTION
RENT: The landowner’s share of the wealth produced.
WAGES: The laborer’s share of the wealth produced.
INTEREST: The capitalist’s income which exchanges for a unit of wealth.
LAWS OF DISTRIBUTION
LAW OF RENT: The rent of land is determined by the excess of its produce over that which the same application can secure from the least productive land in use.
LAW OF WAGES: Wages depend upon the margin of production. (The most productive land obtainable without the payment of rent).
LAW OF INTEREST: Economic interest depends upon the willingness to exchange wealth for income and/or to exchange income for wealth.
CONSUMPTION: Any use made of wealth which lessens its capacity to satisfy human desire. (The opposite of production).